What ‘THC-Free’ Can Legally Mean on a Label

Consumers often assume that “THC-free” means zero THC in every drop. In practice, labeling rules, testing limits, and jurisdictional differences make the phrase more nuanced. This guide explains what “THC-free” can mean on a CBD label, how labs report results, and how you can verify claims before you buy.

There is no single, universal definition of “THC-free” across all markets. In many places, the term refers to results that are below a laboratory’s detection or quantitation limits—not necessarily absolute zero. Because policies evolve, always check current regulations where you live or sell.

Below, we focus on how labels use “THC-free,” what evidence to look for on a Certificate of Analysis (COA), and common pitfalls. For broader legal frameworks, see the linked resources rather than duplicating them here.

The short legal picture (links for details)

United States: “Hemp” is federally defined as cannabis with no more than 0.3% delta-9 THC by dry weight. However, there is no explicit federal definition of “THC-free” for finished CBD products, and the FDA has not approved CBD as a dietary supplement. For context, see Legality and FDA Policy on CBD.
States vary: Some states reference total THC, per-serving caps, or other testing rules. See USA State Laws (Overview) and US State-by-State THC-Free CBD Laws.
European Union and beyond: Thresholds and label rules differ by country. See EU Laws (Overview) and EU Laws by Country.

Note: Advertising claims are generally subject to truth-in-advertising standards. Even if not expressly defined, a “THC-free” claim should be substantiated by reliable testing.

What “THC-free” usually means in practice

Non-detect (ND), LoD, and LoQ

Non-detect (ND): The lab did not detect THC above its Limit of Detection (LoD). This does not prove absolute zero; it means any THC present is below the method’s sensitivity.
Limit of Detection (LoD): The smallest amount a method can reliably detect as present.
Limit of Quantitation (LoQ): The lowest amount a method can measure with acceptable accuracy and precision. Results below LoQ may be reported as “< LoQ.”

Bottom line: “THC-free” often equals “ND” or “below LOQ” on the COA—not necessarily zero in a mathematical sense.

“0.0% THC” or “Zero THC”

Many labels showing 0.0% reflect results below the lab’s LoQ, which may be rounded to 0.0.
Ask to see the COA’s numeric LoD/LoQ. A lower LoQ offers more confidence that “0.0%” truly reflects trace-to-none, not just a coarse measurement.

Isolate, broad-spectrum, and full-spectrum

CBD isolate: Typically tests ND for THC.
Broad-spectrum: THC is removed to ND or < LoQ while retaining other cannabinoids/terpenes; still verify with a COA.
Full-spectrum: Intentionally retains trace THC within legal limits, so it is not usually “THC-free.”

How to verify a “THC-free” label claim

Find the batch COA: Match product lot/batch number to a publicly accessible, recent COA.
Check “delta-9 THC” and “total THC”: Ensure both are ND or below LoQ. “Total THC” accounts for THCA that can convert to delta-9 when heated.
Look for LoD/LoQ values: Lower limits provide greater confidence in “ND” and “0.0%.”
Confirm accredited methods: Prefer ISO/IEC 17025–accredited labs and validated methods (commonly HPLC for cannabinoids in finished goods).
Per serving vs per container: “0 mg THC per serving” may still allow trace amounts per container; read both.
Matrix matters: Gummies, tinctures, vapes, and topicals can test differently. The COA should match your product type.
Date and chain of custody: Recent testing and proper sample handling improve reliability.

Labeling pitfalls to watch for

“Legal hemp” is not the same as “THC-free”: Hemp can be lawful yet still contain trace THC.
Rounding: 0.0% may be a rounded value below LoQ. Without seeing the LoQ, you cannot gauge how close to zero it really is.
Only delta-9 reported: If total THC (including THCA) is omitted, the picture is incomplete.
Cross-contamination: Non-THC-free items produced on shared equipment can introduce traces.
Decarboxylation: Heat can convert THCA to delta-9 THC; total THC reporting helps account for this.

Drug testing realities

No over-the-counter CBD product can promise a specific drug-testing outcome. Standard workplace tests screen urine for THC metabolites (commonly at a 50 ng/mL immunoassay cutoff, with confirmatory testing around 15 ng/mL). Even when a product is labeled “THC-free” or shows ND, contamination, cumulative exposure, or lab variability could still present risk. If testing is a concern, consider CBD isolate products with rigorous COAs and discuss any use with your employer or testing authority.

Common terms decoded

THC-Free / Zero THC / 0.0% THC: Typically ND or below LoQ for THC on a COA.
Non-Detect (ND): Below the lab’s LoD; not proof of absolute zero.
0 mg THC: Check whether this refers to per serving or per container; also verify total THC.
Broad-Spectrum: THC reduced to ND or < LoQ; verify via COA.
Isolate: Generally ND for THC; still confirm with testing.

FAQ

Is “THC-free” defined in U.S. federal law for CBD products?
Not specifically for finished products. The federal hemp definition caps delta-9 THC at 0.3% dry weight, but “THC-free” is not a formal FDA standard. See Legality and FDA Policy on CBD.

Does “0.0% THC” guarantee I’ll pass a drug test?
No. “0.0%” usually means below the lab’s LoQ. Testing cutoffs, personal factors, and potential contamination can still affect results.

What should I look for on a COA to support a “THC-free” claim?
ND or < LoQ for both delta-9 THC and total THC; clearly stated LoD/LoQ; ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation; batch-specific results; correct product matrix; and per-serving/per-container details.

Is “broad-spectrum” automatically THC-free?
Not always. Many broad-spectrum products are ND, but the only way to know is by checking the batch COA.

Can a product be legal hemp but not “THC-free”?
Yes. A product may comply with legal THC limits yet still contain trace amounts.

Disclaimer

This information is for general education and does not constitute legal, compliance, or medical advice. Laws and policies change; verify current rules and consult qualified counsel for your situation.

Summary

On CBD labels, “THC-free” commonly means the product tested below the lab’s detection or quantitation thresholds—not necessarily absolute zero. To assess a claim, review the batch COA, confirm ND or < LoQ for both delta-9 and total THC, check LoD/LoQ values, and verify accredited methods. Because standards vary by jurisdiction and testing cannot guarantee drug-screen outcomes, proceed with caution and stay informed.

If you’re seeking products formulated and tested to be THC-free, you can browse options at https://www.cannagea.com/thc-free.