Seed-to-Shelf Traceability

Seed-to-shelf CBD describes a documented chain of custody from plant genetics to the final packaged product. For THC-free CBD, strong traceability helps verify claims like non-detectable THC, consistent potency, and compliant manufacturing.

This page focuses on how traceability works, what good batch tracking looks like, and how to vet Certificates of Analysis (COAs) for THC-free verification. For broader context on ethics and the market landscape, see Industry, Sustainability & Traceability.

Note: We reference sustainability, sourcing, and costs only briefly here; explore dedicated guides linked below to avoid overlap.

What “seed to shelf” means for THC-free CBD

In a THC-free context, seed-to-shelf ties every product unit to specific plant material, processing runs, lab tests, and packaging records. The goal is to show how THC was controlled or remediated, prove cannabinoid potency, and enable quick recall if needed.

The traceability chain: step-by-step

1) Genetics and sourcing

Trace the cultivar (seed or clone), source, and genetic specs. Keep supplier documentation and any available pre-harvest COAs for biomass.

2) Cultivation logs

Record farm location, dates, field IDs, inputs (fertilizers, pesticides), and compliance checks. For farming practices, see Responsible Sourcing & Hemp Farming.

3) Harvest and intake

Create lot numbers when biomass is harvested and received. Capture weights, moisture, sample IDs, and storage conditions to prevent cross-contamination.

4) Extraction and remediation

Maintain batch IDs through extraction (e.g., CO2, ethanol) and any THC remediation (e.g., chromatography). Log solvents and process parameters. Some brands choose not to make THC-free claims; learn why in Why Some Brands Avoid THC-Free Claims.

5) Formulation and blending

Link intermediate lots to final formulas. Record carrier oils, flavorings, and each ingredient’s lot. Maintain mass balance so inputs equal outputs within tolerance.

6) Third-party testing

Each finished lot should have a COA covering cannabinoids, and as applicable residual solvents, heavy metals, pesticides, and microbials. For THC-free, THC should be reported as non-detect (ND) or less than the lab’s limit of quantitation (LOQ).

7) Packaging and labeling

Apply the final lot/batch code, date/expiry, and a scannable QR linking to the exact COA for that lot. Cartons and case labels should match.

8) Distribution and recall readiness

Track shipments by lot to distributors and retailers. Keep records organized to support a fast, targeted recall if ever necessary.

Batch tracking CBD: what to match

Lot or batch number: identical on bottle, outer carton, case, and COA.
Date code: production or best-by should align with batch records.
COA details: product name, strength, flavor, and sample date should match the label.
Chain-of-custody: COA shows who sampled, who tested, and when.

If anything is missing or mismatched, ask the brand for a corrected COA or documentation.

Digital traceability tools

QR codes: should resolve to the specific lot’s COA, not a generic page.
Portals: allow you to enter a lot code and retrieve documents.
Blockchain or immutable logs: can add integrity, but still verify data accuracy and COA details.

Interpreting THC-free on a COA

ND vs 0: “ND” means below the lab’s LOQ; “0” may be a display choice. Look for the LOQ value (e.g., LOQ 0.002%).
Total THC: Some labs report “Total THC.” Ensure it’s ND or below LOQ for THC-free claims.
Panel completeness: Check that relevant safety tests are included and within limits.

Lab results can vary with sampling, storage, and methods. For more, see Why Lab Results Can Change Over Time.

Drug testing awareness

Even with ND THC on a COA, drug test outcomes are not guaranteed. Variables include cumulative exposure, product mix-ups, or cross-contamination. If avoiding THC is critical, verify ND results per lot, choose brands with strong GMP controls, and use products conservatively.

Questions to ask a brand

Can you provide the COA that matches my lot code?
What is the lab’s LOQ for THC, and is THC reported as ND for this lot?
Which remediation method was used to reduce THC?
How do you prevent cross-contamination between THC and THC-free lines?
How long do you retain batch and recall records?

FAQ

What documents should I expect for a lot? A matching COA, batch/lot record, and packaging label or spec. Some brands also share ingredient C of As and GMP certificates.

Is “farm to bottle” the same as seed-to-shelf? Similar idea; seed-to-shelf typically emphasizes full manufacturing and testing traceability, not just origin.

Can broad-spectrum be THC-free? Yes, if THC is ND at the lab’s LOQ. Always confirm with the lot-specific COA.

How long are records kept? Policies vary; many GMP frameworks suggest multiple years (often 2–5+). Ask the brand for their retention policy.

Are QR codes enough? Only if they link to the correct, lot-specific COA. Manually compare lot codes to be sure.

Summary

Seed-to-shelf CBD traceability connects genetics, farming, processing, testing, and packaging records to each lot. For THC-free products, verify that final-lot COAs show THC as ND at a clearly stated LOQ, with matching lot codes and complete safety panels.

Disclaimer: This information is for education only and is not medical or legal advice. “THC-free” generally means non-detectable at the lab’s LOQ. Drug testing outcomes are not guaranteed.

If you’re ready to explore vetted THC-free options, you can browse products at Cannagea.